So langsam kehrt bei uns der Büroalltag wieder zurück und mein Arbeitgeber möchte deshalb alle Mitarbeiter zur Nutzung der Corona-Warn-App verpflichten. Darf er das?
Seit dem 16. Juni 2020 kann nun die viel diskutierte Corona Warn App auf allen Smartphones mit den gängigen Betriebssystemen installiert werden. Ziel der App ist es, die Kontaktverfolgung mit Covid 19 infizierten Personen zu erleichtern und die Ausbreitung des Virus einzudämmen, indem Personen, die in Kontakt mit Infizierten waren, vor einem erhöhten Infektionsrisiko gewarnt werden. Deshalb stellen sich nun auch viele Arbeitgeber die Frage, ob sie ihre Mitarbeiter zur Installation der App verpflichten dürfen.
Kein Problem könnte man meinen. Aber grundsätzlich darf ein Arbeitgeber seine Mitarbeiter nicht dazu zwingen, die Corona Warn App auf einem privaten Handy zu installieren und zu nutzen. Gleiches gilt auch für das Diensthandy. Denn das wäre datenschutzrechtlich problematisch, da die App im Falle der Kontaktverfolgung personenbezogene Daten verarbeitet. Und die Verarbeitung, wie in diesem Fall – besonders geschützter Gesundheitsdaten (Artikel 4 Nr. 15, Artikel 9 DSGVO) erfordert stets eine Erlaubnis (Artikel 6 DSGVO). Deshalb ist entweder eine gesetzliche Regelung, eine Betriebsvereinbarung oder aber auch die Einwilligung des Arbeitnehmers erforderlich.
Und auch wenn das Bundesdatenschutzgesetz (§ 26) dem Arbeitgeber die Verarbeitung personenbezogener Daten, die zur Ausübung des Beschäftigungsverhältnisses erforderlich sind, erlaubt, kann daraus aber noch keine konkrete Anordnung zur Nutzung der Warn App für Arbeitnehmer hergeleitet werden. Deshalb ist die Installation der Corona Warn App auch grundsätzlich freiwillig.
Und auch über eine Betriebsvereinbarung können Arbeitgeber und Betriebsrat keine weiteren verpflichtenden Maßnahme reglementieren. Bei der Corona Warn App geht dies also nur mit der entsprechenden Einwilligung des Nutzers. Wobei dann aber von der notwendigen Freiwilligkeit natürlich nicht mehr ausgegangen werden.
Vereinzelte Ausnahmefällen wären höchstens bei Beschäftigen denkbar, die ständig in Kontakt mit Dritten stehen, wie z.B. im Gesundheits- und Pflegebereich. Aber nur wenn die die Nutzung der App auf dem Diensthandy ausschließlich auf die Arbeitszeit beschränkt ist.
Ansonsten bedarf es aber für den Einsatz der Warn-App grundsätzlich konkreter und wichtiger Gründe, um einen Eingriff in das Persönlichkeitsrecht der Mitarbeiter als verhältnismäßig zu rechtfertigen. Dem Arbeitgeber bleibt deshalb lediglich die Möglichkeit eine generelle Empfehlung zur Installation der App aussprechen. Allerdings darf diese weder bindend sein, noch negative Konsequenzen für das Arbeitverhältnis haben.
Photo: Pixabay: IXimus
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